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Cremona :: projectiveDegrees

projectiveDegrees -- projective degrees of a rational map between projective varieties

Synopsis

Description

Let φ:K[y0,...,ym]/J →K[x0,...,xn]/I be a ring map representing a rational map Φ: V(I) ⊆ℙn=Proj(K[x0,...,xn]) ---> V(J) ⊆ℙm=Proj(K[y0,...,ym]). The i-th projective degree of Φ is defined in terms of dimension and degree of the closure of Φ-1(L), where L is a general linear subspace of m of a certain dimension; for the precise definition, see Harris's book (Algebraic geometry: A first course - Vol. 133 of Grad. Texts in Math., p. 240). If Φ is defined by elements F0(x0,...,xn),...,Fm(x0,...,xn) and IL denotes the ideal of the subspace L⊆ℙm, then the ideal of the closure of Φ-1(L) is nothing but the saturation of the ideal (φ(IL)) by (F0,....,Fm) in the ring K[x0,...,xn]/I. So, replacing in the definition, general linear subspace by random linear subspace, we get a probabilistic algorithm to compute all projective degrees. Furthermore, we can considerably speed up this algorithm by taking into account two simple remarks: 1) the saturation (φ(IL)):(F0,...,Fm) is the same as (φ(IL)):(λ0 F0+…+λm Fm), where λ0,...,λm∈K are general scalars; 2) the i-th projective degree of Φ coincides with the (i-1)-th projective degree of the restriction of Φ to a general hyperplane section of X (see loc. cit.). This is what the method uses if MathMode is set to false. If instead MathMode is set to true, then the method simply computes the multidegree of the graph.

i1 : -- map from P^4 to G(1,3) given by the quadrics through a rational normal curve of degree 4
     GF(331^2)[t_0..t_4]; phi=toMap minors(2,matrix{{t_0..t_3},{t_1..t_4}})

                                                                             2                           2                                          2
o2 = map(GF 109561[t , t , t , t , t ],GF 109561[x , x , x , x , x , x ],{- t  + t t , - t t  + t t , - t  + t t , - t t  + t t , - t t  + t t , - t  + t t , a})
                    0   1   2   3   4             0   1   2   3   4   5      1    0 2     1 2    0 3     2    1 3     1 3    0 4     2 3    1 4     3    2 4

o2 : RingMap GF 109561[t , t , t , t , t ] <--- GF 109561[x , x , x , x , x , x ]
                        0   1   2   3   4                  0   1   2   3   4   5
i3 : time projectiveDegrees(phi,MathMode=>true)
MathMode: output certified!
     -- used 0.0138421 seconds

o3 = {1, 2, 4, 4, 2}

o3 : List
i4 : psi=inverseMap(toMap(phi,Dominant=>infinity))

         GF 109561[x , x , x , x , x , x ]
                    0   1   2   3   4   5                                  2                              2                       2
o4 = map(---------------------------------,GF 109561[t , t , t , t , t ],{x  - x x  - x x , x x  - x x , x  - x x , x x  - x x , x  - x x  - x x , a})
                 x x  - x x  + x x                    0   1   2   3   4    1    0 2    0 3   1 2    0 4   2    0 5   2 4    1 5   4    2 5    3 5
                  2 3    1 4    0 5

             GF 109561[x , x , x , x , x , x ]
                        0   1   2   3   4   5
o4 : RingMap --------------------------------- <--- GF 109561[t , t , t , t , t ]
                     x x  - x x  + x x                         0   1   2   3   4
                      2 3    1 4    0 5
i5 : time projectiveDegrees(psi,MathMode=>true)
MathMode: output certified!
     -- used 0.0100882 seconds

o5 = {2, 4, 4, 2, 1}

o5 : List
i6 : -- Cremona transformation of P^6 defined by the quadrics through a rational octic surface
     phi = map specialCremonaTransformation(7,ZZ/300007)

           ZZ                                 ZZ                                                                               2                                                           2                                                                                      2                                                           2                                                                                 2                                                                        2                                                            2                                  2                                                                                    2          2                                 2                      2                                                           2
o6 = map(------[x , x , x , x , x , x , x ],------[x , x , x , x , x , x , x ],{x x  - x x , - 50341x x  - 113812x x  + 134072x  + 20472x x  + 123782x x  - 51108x x  + 124925x x  - 24689x  + 130567x x  + 29701x x  - 49318x x , x x  - x x , - 50341x x  - 113812x x  + 134072x  + 20472x x  + 123782x x  - 51108x x  + 124925x x  - 24689x  + 130567x x  + 29701x x  - 49318x x , 32881x x  - 85396x x  - 21242x x  - 32846x  - 114305x x  - 99802x x  + 74282x x  + 147078x x  + 110278x x  - 24441x  - 60401x x  - 104038x x  - 10704x x , - 50341x x  - 113812x  + 20472x x  + 123782x x  - 51108x  + 134072x x  + 124925x x  - 24689x x  + 130567x x  + 29701x x  - 49318x x , 115212x  - 115763x  - 72095x x  - 91989x x  - 28790x  + 72383x x  + 134072x  - 96548x x  + 34797x x  - 128727x x  + 124925x x  - 24689x  - 15984x x  + 38578x x  - 128153x x  + 130567x x  + 29701x x  - 49318x x })
         300007  0   1   2   3   4   5   6  300007  0   1   2   3   4   5   6    2 4    1 5          0 4          1 4          4         0 5          1 5         2 5          4 5         5          3 6         4 6         5 6   2 3    0 5          1 3          1 4          4         0 5          1 5         2 5          4 5         5          3 6         4 6         5 6        0 3         1 4         3 4         4          0 5         1 5         2 5          3 5          4 5         5         3 6          4 6         5 6          0 1          1         0 2          1 2         2          1 4          1 5         2 5          0 6         1 6         2 6         0          1         0 2         1 2         2         1 4          4         0 5         1 5          2 5          4 5         5         0 6         1 6          2 6          3 6         4 6         5 6

               ZZ                                      ZZ
o6 : RingMap ------[x , x , x , x , x , x , x ] <--- ------[x , x , x , x , x , x , x ]
             300007  0   1   2   3   4   5   6       300007  0   1   2   3   4   5   6
i7 : time projectiveDegrees phi
     -- used 0.0574104 seconds

o7 = {1, 2, 4, 8, 8, 4, 1}

o7 : List
i8 : time projectiveDegrees(phi,NumDegrees=>1)
     -- used 0.0290839 seconds

o8 = {4, 1}

o8 : List

Another way to use this method is by passing an integer i as second argument. However, this is equivalent to first projectiveDegrees(phi,NumDegrees=>i) and generally it is not faster.

See also

Ways to use projectiveDegrees :